Phytochemical Screening of Bruguiera sp. Mangrove Propagule Extract from the Mangrove Area of Kutawaru Village, Cilacap

Abstract

Indonesia is a country with the highest biodiversity, especially in mangrove ecosystems, with a total of around 89 species. The mangrove ecosystem includes Rhizophora (mangrove), Avicennia (api-api), Sonneratia (pedada), Bruguiera (tanjang), and Xylocarpus (nyirih). Mangrove propagules are the fruits of mangroves in the form of hypocotyls that function to store food when the propagules germinate and grow. Secondary metabolites from plants have bioactivity, so it is important to identify them using specific reagents known as phytochemical screening. The group of secondary metabolite compounds is classified based on their chemical structure, consisting of flavonoids, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, steroids, and triterpenoids. This study aims to determine the content of flavonoid, tannin, and phenol compounds in Bruguiera sp. propagules. The method for extracting tannins, phenols, and flavonoids from mangrove propagules can be performed using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. The raw material is 3 kg of Bruguiera sp. mangrove propagules from Kutawaru Village, which are then cut into small pieces and dried using an oven at 105°C for 3 hours, subsequently ground, and sieved with a 60 mesh size. The extraction process of the mangrove propagule powder was weighed at 15 grams using 250 ml of ethanol as the solvent. The results of the phytochemical test on the Bruguiera sp. mangrove propagule extract were positive for flavonoids, tannins, and phenols.